| Browser | lynx, mozilla, konqueror, nautilus |
| pine, mutt, kmail, gnus, balsa | |
| Download | (s)ftp, wget, kget, downloader for X |
| Editor | pico, vi, (x)emacs, ginf(html), kite(latex), kate |
| Zip | zip, unzip, gzip, zcat, bzip2, tar |
| PS/PDF | enscript, dvips, ps2pdf, pdf2ps, a2ps, ps2epsi, xpdf, gs, gv, ggv |
| Image/Graphic | xv, xfig, dia, gimp, gnuplot |
| Instant messenger | licq, amsn, gaim |
| Mutimedia | mpg123, xmms, mplayer, toaster |
| Office suite | abiword, kword, koffice, openoffice |
| IDE | glade, motor, eclipse |
| Command | Command line with arguments | Description |
a2ps | % a2ps input -R -B --right-footer='%s./%s#' -o output.ps % a2ps -r --columns=1 -B -f10 --border=no -MLetter --pretty-print=plain -o output.ps input | arguments: -r landscape (-R for portrait), one column per page (default is 2), -B no header , -f10 font size, --border=no no border, -MLetter paper size to Letter, --pretty-print=plain print mode turning off the highlights of keywords. |
| % a2ps input -2 -B --right-footer='%s./%s#' ---footer='cenfooter' -header='test' --cen='report' -o output.ps | more arguments: $Q = Page $p./$p# (page number for this file), %Q = Page %p./%p# (current page number), %s. (current sheet number), %s# (total number of sheets), $s# (number of sheets of the current file) | |
| % a2ps $1 --columns=2 --pretty-print=$2 --font-size=8 --header='ID: 12345' -o $3 % a2ps typescript -2 -B --right-footer='%s./%s#' --footer='ID: 12345' --header='Asn 1' --cen='Captured result' -o output.ps % a2ps main.cpp -B -R --columns=1 --right-footer='%s./%s#' --left-footer='ID: 12345' --header='Asn 1' --cen='main.cpp' -o main.ps | different output format | |
ar | % ar rs liblprint.a lprint1.o lprint2.o lprint3.o | creat a static library with several object files |
| % ar -t /usr/lib/libm.a | show the library object dependency of libm.a | |
| % ar -d liblprint.a lprint3.o % ar -s = ranlib | delete the module | |
| awk | % ls -aRl | awk '{sum = sum + $5} END {print sum}' | sum up and print out the file sizes |
bzcat | % bzcat prog-2.0.patch.bz2 | patch -p0 | Unzip the bzip2 file and do the patching |
| cat | % cat file | tr -cd b | wc -m | count the number of "b" in the file |
| % cat id.pub | ssh huang@csd.uwo.ca "(mkdir .ssh; cd .ssh; cat>> auth)" % cat file | ssh host "cat >> file" | ssh could be "rsh" or "rlogin" | |
| cb | % cb -s test.cc > test1.cc | indent code according to K&R style (same as indent) |
| % cb -j test.cc | put split lines back together | |
chmod | % chmod -R 755 {zhu,wu,liang}/Asn1/docs/* % chmod -R 755 [a-k]*/Asn2/* | change the dir/subdir's permission |
col | % man find | col -b > find.txt | output a man page into a plain text file |
crypt | % crypt key < plaintext > encrypted % crypt key < encrypted > plaintext | Unix command, Linux's crypt(encrypt) is a function call |
diff | % diff -Nur prog-1.0 prog-2.0 > prog-2.0.patch % patch -p0 < prog-2.0.patch | Make a patch |
dig | % dig @ns1.uwo.ca genome1.beowulf.uwo.ca % dig -x 129.100.171.47 | nslookup |
| find | % find / -name abc -print > result 2> errout % find / -name abc -print 2>&1 1> logfile | B shell |
| % (find / -name abc -print > result) >& errout % find / -name abc -print >& logfile | C shell | |
| % find / -type f \( -perm -2 -o -perm -20 \) -exec ls -lg {} \; > files-results % find / -type d \( -perm u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx \) -exec ls -ldg {} \; >dir-results | find the files or directories with specific permission | |
| % find [v-z]*/A*3/ -user wang -exec rm -f {} \; | delete all files created by user "wang" in the directory between "v*" to "z*", subdir of Asn3 | |
| % find $HOME \( -name a.out -o -name '*.o' \) -atime +7 -ok rm {} \; | remove all files named a.out or *.o that have not been accessed for a week, need to confirm for each execution | |
| % find . \( -type f -a -size -10k \) -ok exec cp {} ~/tmp/ \; | copy small size regular files to a directory | |
% for i in `find / -name *.[ch]`; do grep -H jiffy $i; done | find all files with defined string. -H prints the filename for each match | |
| finger | % finger @hostname | show users' info ( some versions need a "*" before "@") |
| % finger -f | awk '{print $1} % finger -q -f | awk '{print "User", $1, "is logged in on TTY:", $2}' | print out the login users with desired format | |
gcc | % gcc -o math math.c -lm | link the shared libary (libm.so) |
% gcc -o math math.c -lm --static | static link. all code of libm.a is merged into your distributed executable | |
| % gcc -E test.c > test.i | turn off compilation phase and display the preprocess info | |
| % gcc -DBUFFERSIZE=1024 -D"max(A,B)=((A)>(B)?(A):(B))" test.c | define the constant and macro | |
| grep | % grep -r string rc.d/ | find string in all files in rc.d dir/subdir recursively, the same as "-d" |
| % grep -i '^\(.\).*\1$' file | all lines whose first letter is the same as the last one regardless of the case (-i =-y) | |
| gunzip | % gunzip [-q] < file.tar.gz | tar xvf - | the same as Linux's "tar zxvf file.tar.gz" |
| indent | % indent -bad/-st/-kr/ test.c > newformat.c | beautify the code with different format as cb does |
| kill | % kill -9 -1 | Kill all processes in the login machine |
| ls | % ls -aul | access tme |
| lsof | % lsof | nl % lsof -u huang | list all open files (by specified user) |
| % lsof -i -nP | grep ssh % lsof -i :5000 % lsof -i :smtp % lsof -i @hotmail.com | List all open files associated with Internet connections | |
| % lsof /dev/cdrom % lsof +D /tmp % lsof `which sendmail` % lsof -t `which sendmail` | Who are using these files? | |
netstat | % netstat -rn | routing table |
% netstat -alp | connection statistics | |
nl | % nl -ba message.log | tail -30 | grep error | print the message having error in the last 30 lines of the log file |
| nm | % nm -a prog % nm -s prog | list all the symbols of the object file |
| % nm -o /lib/* /usr/lib/* /usr/lib/*/* /usr/local/lib/* 2>/dev/null | grep 'atoll' | search the libraries for the function | |
| % nm -ng prog | show external symbols and sorted by addresses | |
nohup | % nohup find / -name abc -print > result 2>/dev/null & | continue finding after logout |
ps | % ps -efww | full format (Linux) |
| % /usr/bin/ps -axf | pstree plus ps (Linux) | |
rcp | % rcp brown:hb/\* . | the same as "scp brown:hb/* .". rcp needs .rhosts in remote hosts: snm.szptt.net.cn huang java huang |
rusers | % rusers -l hostname | show all users in the host |
| % rusers -a | show all host names in the network | |
sed | % cat file | sed 's/^#/;/g' > newfile | change comments format (shell to lisp) |
| % ls *htm | sed 's/\(.*\)htm/mv & \1html/' | sh | change the extension | |
| % sed -e 's/\(\<[A-Za-z]*[aeiou][A-Za-z]*[aeiou][A-Za-z]*\>\)/(\1)/g' file | surround all words containing 2+ or vowels with (), "tea"-->"(tea)" (<> match words) | |
sh | % sh -xv shell_script | debug the bsh script program (csh: % csh -xv) |
tar | % tar tvf file.tar | show all the files in a tar file |
| % tar rvf my.tar newdir | append files in newdir to my.tar | |
| % tar uvf my.tar mydir | update my.tar with newly updated files in mydir | |
| % tar cvf - file | gzip > file.tar.gz | the same as linux's "tar cvfz file.tar.gz file" | |
| % (cd ~huang/target; tar -xvf - .) | (cd ~huang/backup; tar -xvf -) % (cd ~/target; tar cf - .) | rsh casky "cd ~/backup; tar xf -" | backup the files in remote machine | |
| tr | % tr -d "\015" < input > ouput | remove the ugly ending char in text files ftped from windows to Unix, the same as "dos2unix" |
| % cat a.txt | cat abc | tr '[a-zA-Z]' '[n-za-mN-ZA-M]' > encrypted.txt % cat a-encrypted.txt | tr '[a-zA-Z]' '[n-za-mN-ZA-M]' > decrypted.txt | the easiest way of encryption | |
uuencode | % uuencode a.out key > secret.out % uudecode secret.out | "key" is a decode label |
wget | % wget -r -l 4 -np -N http://www.abc.com % wget -c -L -nH http://www.abc.com/big.zip % wget --passive-ftp ftp://abc.com/d*/*.doc | download the contents of the website, recursively (-r) with depth 4 (-l 4), page requisite mode (-p), not ascend the parent directory (-np), enable timestamp (-N), continue download the interrupted file (-c), only get files from relative links (-L), disable long header (-nH). |
| % wget -E -k -K -p http://www.abc.com % wget -r -H -l inf --ignore-length -p -e robots=off http://www.abc.com % wget --http-user=huang --http-passwd=abc --cache=off --cookies=off http://www/secret | html-extension mode (-E) is useful for asp and cgi pages, link-convert (-k) and backup the original version (-K, affects -N), enable span-host (-H), ignore the bogus "Content-Length" headers by CGIs (--ignore-length), turn off the robots mechanism(-e ) | |
| % wget --save-cookies cookies.txt --post-data 'user=foo&password=*' http://www.abc.com/auth.php % wget --load-cookies cookies.txt -p http://www.abc.com/doc/article.php | llogin to the server and save the cookie file ( done only once), then grab the desired pages | |
who | %who -u | sort +0 -1 -u | display the login users without repeat names |
%who -u | cut -c1-10 | sort | uniq -c | grep -v " 1 " | display the users having more than on terminals | |
xterm | % xterm +ls -sb -rightbar -sl 1000 -j -title "dreamer" -fn "*-courier-bold-r-*-140-*" -b 5 -display 0:0 -bg black -fg green -geometry 80x50+10+5 & | open an xterm with pure subshell (+ls) mode, scrollbar (-sb) with 1000 lines (-sl) in the right side (-rightbar), jump scrolling (-j), font defined (-fn), black background (-bg) and green foreground (-fg), 80 characters per line, 50 lines, ordinate (10, 5) from upper-left corner. ( -10-5 means x ordinate of 10 from the right, y ordinate of 5 from the bottom) |
